Before you can accomplish your weight loss or fat loss goals, it is very essential to know about what you eat. Once you know which foods to eat, avoid and love, you are far better off than most others. To that effect, this post will tell you about the basics of food types and also target some questions occasionally asked by people.
Protein
Protein-rich foods build and nourish blood, skin, bones and muscles. They increase the satiety of a meal (satisfying you and keeping hunger pangs at bay). Certain protein foods are 111gh in saturated fat, so the low-fat and lean options are a healthier choice.
Choose: eggs, low-fat yoghurt, low-fat cheese, low-fat milk, peanut butter, nuts, lean meat, skin-free poultry, legumes, low-fat soy products and seeds.
Forget: marbled (fatty) meat, full-fat dairy foods and processed meats such as salami, bologna, pepperoni arid bacon.
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates provide the body with fuel. Protein and fat can also provide the body with energy, but the body prefers carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are classified into two major groups: simple and complex.
Simple carbohydrates are broken down more quickly into their simpler components and absorbed quickly into the bloodstream. They are naturally present in foods such as fruit, vegetables and mil k, accompanied by vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. They are also present in less-nutritious foods such as soft drinks and lollies.
Complex carbohydrates – occurring in unrefined whole foods such as brown rice and wholegrain bread – are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber, and are filling and satisfying.
They are structurally more complex than simple carbohydrates and take longer to be broken down and for the glucose to pass into the bloodstream, which helps stabilize your blood sugar levels. Many foods, particularly fruit and vegetables, contain both simple and complex carbohydrates.
Approximately 60 per cent of your daily kilojoules intake should come from carbohydrate-rich foods – 50 per cent should be made up of complex carbohydrates; the less processed the better. If you consume too many simple carbohydrates, you may experience highs and lows in blood sugar levels, which cause energy and mood swings.
Choose: wholegrain cereals arid breads, wholegrain crackers, whole-wheat pasta, brown rice, legumes, vegetables, salads and fruit.
Enjoy in small portions: chips, cakes, biscuits, doughnuts, pastries, lollies, chocolates and soft drinks.
What is Fiber?
Dietary fiber is found in plant foods – cereals (such as corn, oats, wheat and rice), fruit, vegetables, nuts and legumes. Fiber-rich foods require more chewing, which ensures you eat more slowly. They also help you feel satisfied on fewer kilojoules; they reduce hunger and help keep your weight under control. Fiber-rich foods can help regulate blood glucose levels. There are two major categories of fiber: soluble and insoluble.
Soluble fiber is found mostly in oats, psyllium, barley, vegetables, lentils, beans and fruit. Soluble fibre slows the rate of digestion and absorption of food, and is thought to reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol, decreasing your risk of heart disease.
Insoluble fiber is found mostly in wheat bran, wheat-based cereals and pasta, and whole meal bread. Insoluble fiber keeps your bowels regular, providing bulk to the stool and speeding transit of material through the bowel. It reduces the risk of bowel cancer and other bowel diseases.
Adults should consume approximately 20-30 grams of fiber each day and eat a variety of plant foods.
Here is an example of how to fulfill your daily fiber needs.
Sugar, Fat and Alcohol
Go easy on sugar, fat and alcohol, which are at the apex of the Healthy Eating Pyramid. They are concentrated kilojoules with low nutritional value. The exception must be made for the ‘healthy’ omega- 3 fatty acids found in fish oils, canola, flax seed oil and linseed oil, which are wonderful for your heart and blood.
Save processed sugar, fat and alcohol for occasional treats or special occasions. This includes sugary items such as honey, marmalade, jam, chutney, syrups, sweetened canned fruit, jellies, ice-cream, soft drinks, milkshakes and milk flavorings’; and fatty items such as mayonnaise, dripping, creamy soups, gravies and sauces, potato chips and vegetables fried or baked in fat. These are acceptable to consume occasionally in small doses.
Alcohol is extremely high in kilojoules. A standard drink has 8-10 grams of alcohol – and each is an empty kilojoules. When you drink-in excess you tend to lose your resolve, which has deleterious effects on weight control. (See page 164 for more about this.)
Dairy
Dairy foods – cheese, yoghurt and milk – are a rich source of calcium, which is necessary for strong bones. Dairy foods ward off hiqh blood pressure, reduce PMS symptoms and lower the risk of bowel cancer. Eating calcium-rich dairy speeds weight loss and helps keep the kilos off! Opt for low fat milk, yoghurt and cheese. Cheese is high in saturated fat, but a small portion does provide a lot of calcium.
Select hard cheeses such as Parmesan and extra-sharp cheddar, which offer more calcium per 30 grams than the softer ones. The eating plan I have created in the next chapter provides for 2 cups of low-fat milk daily, ensuring you are satisfying your recommended daily intake of calcium. If you do not like or cannot tolerate milk, you will need either a calcium supplement or calcium-fortified soya products.
Fat
Of all types of food, fat would have to be the most misunderstood. Once upon a time, all fat was the enemy. Eating as little as possible would supposedly keep you trim. Now, health authorities advocate certain fats as essential for a healthy diet.
Fat is necessary for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and 1< through the walls of your digestive tract and into your bloodstream. The type of fat you eat is important - some fats are good for you, while others are best avoided.
Which Fats are Healthy?
There are two main categories: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.
Monounsaturated fats – are found in olives, canola, peanut oils, avocados and most nuts. They can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering blood cholesterol levels (LDU. They are more resistant to oxidation, a process that leads to cell and tissue damage.
Polyunsaturated fats – also known as omega-6 or omega- 3 oils – contain essential fatty acids. Omega-six is found in corn, sunflower oil and cottonseed oil, while omega-3 is abundant in oily fish – salmon, tuna, trout, mackerel, sardines and herring – and is also present in canola a oil, flax seed and walnuts. Omega- 3 relaxes narrowed arteries, reduces the risk of arterial blockages and decreases VLDLs (very low-density lipo-proteins – fats in the bloodstream associated with cardiovascular disease). They may also ease rheumatoid arthritis pain, fight depression and reduce the risk of premature birth.
Which Fats Should I Avoid?
Saturated fat and trans fat. Both have been linked to high cholesterol and heart disease. Saturated fat is found in red meat, dark-meat poultry (with skin) and full-fat dairy products. Trans fat is created when vegetable oil undergoes hydrogenation, a chemical process that extends its shelf life. lt is’ common in fast foods, packaged and convenience foods, snack items (like chips and crackers), cake mixes, pastries, biscuits, shortenings and some margarine.
Limit your intake of both saturated and trans fats by checking the nutrition panel on food labels (trans fats are not always listed but the phrase ‘partially hydrogenated oil’ is a giveaway – see page 27 for more on food labels).
Try to swap bad fats for good fats – eat salmon instead of steaks and burgers, and pass up the fried food at the lunch bar in favor of tuna or grilled chicken sandwiches. Dip the bread in a little olive oil instead of slathering it with butter or margarine.
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